Flannel Lined Jeans For Men Definition
Source(Google.com.pk)Blue jeans started becoming popular among young people in the 1950s. In the year 1957, 150 million pairs were sold worldwide. This growing trend continued until 1981 and jeans manufacturers were virtually guaranteed annual sales increases. In the United States, 200 million pairs of jeans were sold in 1967, 500 million in 1977, with a peak of 520 million in 1981. When jeans first caught on, apologists reasoned that their low price determined their huge success. During the 1970s, however, the price of blue jeans doubled, yet demand always exceeded supply. Sometimes manufacturers met the demand by providing stores with irregulars; that is, slightly defective merchandise that would not normally be sold.
Although the demand for jeans actually decreased in the 1980s, a brief surge occurred with the introduction of designer jeans to the market. Despite the apparent success of designer jeans, however, they did not capture the majority of the market; jeans have not returned to the height of popularity they achieved in the seventies. Manufacturers must therefore constantly seek ways to keep the demand for blue jeans high. Believing that the decrease in demand reflects the changing needs of an aging population, jeans manufacturers have begun to cater to the mature customer by providing roomier, more comfortable jeans. Sally Fox, an entomologist, has developed cottons that naturally come in beige, brown, and green. The Levi Strauss Company now markets multicolored jeans as well. The company hopes to ride the popular wave of environmentalism, even advertising their new product on recycled denim.
The word dungarees, to identify heavy cotton pants such as overalls
can be traced to a thick cotton country-made cloth, Dongari Kapar, which was
sold in the quarter contiguous to the Dongari Killa, the fort of what was then
known as The word entered English with
just this meaning in 1696 (OED). Dongri Fort was rebuilt in 1769 as Fort
George, Bombay, where the first cotton mill was established in 1854. Dyed in
indigo, the traditional cloth was used by Portuguese sailors and cut wide so
that the legs could be swiftly rolled up when necessary. Thus, dungarees have a
separate history.
Dry or raw denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a denim fabric
that is not washed after being dyed during its production. Over time, denim
will generally fade, which is often considered desirable.
Most denim is washed after being crafted into an article of
clothing in order to make it softer and to eliminate any shrinkage which could
cause an item to not fit after the owner washes it. In addition to being
washed, non-dry denim is sometimes artificially "distressed" to
achieve a worn-in look.
Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that with
time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to factory distressed denim. With
dry denim, however, such fading is affected by the body of the person who wears
the jeans and the activities of their daily life. This creates what many
enthusiasts feel to be a more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim.
To facilitate the natural distressing process, some wearers
of dry denim will often abstain from washing their jeans for more than six
months, though it is not a necessity for fading.
Selvage denim (also called selvedge denim) is a type of
denim which forms a clean natural edge that does not unravel. It is commonly
presented in the unwashed or raw state. Typically, the selvage edges will be
located along the outseam of the pants, making it visible when cuffs are worn.
Although selvage denim is not completely synonymous with unwashed denim, the
presence of selvage typically implies that the denim used is a higher quality.The word "selvage" comes from the phrase
"self-edge", the natural edge of a roll of fabric. In this case, denim
made on old-style shuttle looms. These looms weave fabric with one continuous
cross thread (the weft) that is passed back and forth all the way down the
length of the bolt. As the weft loops back into the edge of the denim it
creates this “self-edge” or Selvage. Selvage is desirable because the edge
can’t fray like lower grade denims that have separate wefts which leave an open
edge that must be stitched. Shuttle looming is a more time-consuming weaving
process that produces denim of a tighter weave resulting in a heavier weight
fabric that lasts.Shuttle looms weave a more narrow piece of fabric, and thus
a longer piece of fabric is required to make a pair of jeans (approximately 3
yards). To maximize yield, traditional jean makers use the fabric all the way
to the selvage edge. When the cuff is turned up the two selvage edges, where
the denim is sewn together, can be seen. The selvage edge is usually stiched
with colored thread: green, white, brown, yellow, and red (red is the most
common). Fabric mills used these colors to differentiate between fabrics. Most
selvage jeans today are dyed with synthetic indigo, but natural is available in smaller niche denim labels.
Loop dying machines feed a rope of cotton yarn through vats of indigo dye and
then back out. The dye is allowed to oxidize before the next dip. Multiple dips
create a deep dark indigo blue.
In response to increased demand for jeans in the 1950's,
American denim manufacturers replaced the old shuttle style looms with modern
projectile looms. The new looms produced fabric faster and wider (60-inches or
wider), yet lighter and less durable. Synthetic dyeing techniques along with
post-dye treatments were introduced to control shrink and twist.
True blue jeans are made out of 100 percent cotton, including the threads. Polyester blends are available, however, the over-whelming majority of jeans sold are 100 percent cotton. The most common dye used is synthetic indigo. The belt loops, waistband, back panel, pockets, and leggings of a pair of blue jeans are all made of indigo-dyed denim. Other features of blue jeans include the zipper, buttons, rivets, and label. Rivets have been traditionally made of copper, but the zippers, snaps and buttons are usually steel. Designers' labels are often tags made out of cloth, leather, or plastic, while others are embroidered on with cotton thread.
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